Smoking and Infertility: Female Health-Care and Reproductive Risks Associated with Smoking.

Corresponding author : Mustafa Zakaria: MD. Clinical Embryology and  Assisted Reproductive , Executive Director of theMoroccan Society for Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine (MSERM), Consultant in IRIFIV Fertility Center , ID Research Casablanca ,Morocco.

Smoking has an adverse impact on several female reproductive life aspects, like oviducts function, uterus impairment, menstrual function disturbance. Moreover, smoking during pregnancy is a fundamental cause of health problems for both mother and fetus. It raises embryo implantation complexities associated with health conditions such as heart and cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, and hypertension. Smoking has an adverse impact on several female reproductive life aspects, like oviducts function, uterus impairment, menstrual function disturbance. Moreover, smoking during pregnancy is a fundamental cause of health problems for both mother and fetus. It raises embryo implantation complexities associated with health conditions such as heart and cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, and hypertension. Furthermore, several cigarette smoke compounds have toxic impacts on clinical  IVF/ICSI treatment.